Review green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using plant extracts and their antimicrobial activity.

Interest in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles has increased in the last era by researchers. Nanoparticles have several applications in different fields like optoelectronics, magnetic devices, drug delivery, and sensors. Nanoparticle synthesis by green methods is safe for the environment and should be explored and encouraged popularly since various plants' have the high extent to form these nanoparticles. Worldwide, UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) besides Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are used in many ways for characterize nanoparticles. The most advantageous use of AgNPs is their great attribution to be used as antimicrobial agents. Finally, concept of AgNPs synthesis is deserved to be the modern technical and medical concern. The current review shows a complete comprehensive and analytical survey of the biosynthesis of AgNPs with a particular focus on their activities as antimicrobials and the possible theories of their effect on the microbial cell and all influenced secondary metabolites.

Larvicidal, pupalicidal and adulticidal effects of Artemisia absinthium L. against dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Jazan region, K.S.A.

In the current study, the biological effects of various solvents concentrations of Artemisia absinthium were assayed on different stages (larva, pupa and adult) of Aedes aegypti under controlled laboratory conditions. The life initiation and mortality for each insect stage were evaluated. Different lethal concentrations were measured. Aedes aegypti L. was susceptible to all plant extract solvents in different conc. ANOVA test, correlation analysis and simple linear regression were used to evaluate the significance. The results correlated with other comparative studies with different Artemisia sp. to put the studied species in the proper way in Asteraceae family. The study gave A. absinthium L. its bright position as a perfect natural insecticide especially as larvicidal due to the low Lc50 degree. Scientists welcome to use natural insecticide at initial stages of insect not in later ones.

Mechanical structures of sidewalk plants: Anatomical evaluation.

The mechanical structure of plant tissues has recently attracted a lot of attention. The present study aims to evaluate the importance of collenchymatous and sclerenchymatous tissues in supporting plant species in their harsh environments like road and street plant habitats. Dicots and monocots are classified into different models according to the types of supporting mechanisms. Mass cell percentage and soil analysis are used in this investigation. The tissues are distributed with different percentage masses and arrangements to overcome various severe conditions. Statistical analyses enhance the role of these tissues and clarify their significant values. The gear support mechanism is claimed to be the perfect mechanical method used.

Effect of heavy metals in the cement dust pollution on morphological and anatomical characteristics of Cenchrus ciliaris L.

This present study illustrated the effect of heavy metals in cement dust pollution on Cenchrus ciliaris L. This wild plant species spread surrounding and within the contaminated area. The induced soil by cement dust was changed physically and chemically. There were alterations in morphological characters like chlorotic spot, stem shortening and leaf curling. Similarly, anatomical alterations appeared obviously like rupturing and thickening of cells. The data of control and induced plant species were analyzed statistically separately and combined respectively. The regression equations represented the interaction between control and induced plant species graphically. Cenchrus ciliaris L. can be regarded as a standard heavy metal tolerant plant species.